Eutychianism and the Chalcedonian Formula:Implications for Christological Orthodoxy in the Nigerian Evangelical Church

Abstract

This study investigated the historical and contemporary implications of Eutychianism and the Chalcedonian Formula for Christological orthodoxy, particularly within the Nigerian Evangelical Church. The research identified a critical need for enhanced Christological understanding in the contemporary Nigerian Evangelical Church, where prevalent indigenous beliefs and charismatic expressions inadvertently lead to imbalances, notably an overemphasis on Christ’s divinity at the expense of his full humanity, echoing the fifth-century Eutychian heresy. Employing a non-empirical, conceptual, and historical theological analysis, the study examined Eutychianism’s historical context and theological assertions, assessed the significance of the Chalcedonian Formula, and critically analysed the perspectives of Paul Tillich, Harold O.J. Brown, and J.N.D. Kelly. The primary argument is that safeguarding doctrinal integrity necessitates a robust reaffirmation of Christ’s dual nature, which effectively counters the resurgence of historical Christological heresies. Key findings confirmed Eutychianism’s contention that Christ’s human nature was absorbed by his divine nature, resulting in a single, fused nature, which the Council of Chalcedon decisively rejected in AD 451. The study concluded that Eutychianism’s denial of Christ’s full humanity undermines the Incarnation and salvific efficacy. For the Nigerian Evangelical Church, there is a vital need to maintain the Chalcedonian balance, affirming Christ as truly God and truly human without confusion, without change, without division, without separation—to ensure Christ’s gospel holistically addresses human day-to-day needs and fosters doctrinal purity amidst theological syncretism. This research contributes to knowledge by providing a vital theological framework for doctrinal purity in a context grappling with theological syncretism.